NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology - Home-Tution

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapters:

Chapter 1: The Living World

Ø Biology is the science of life forms and living processes. In nature there is sharing of similarities among living organisms both horizontally and vertically. That is all present-day organisms are related to each other and also to all organisms that ever lived on this earth.

Ø Life is a unique, complex organization of molecules expressing itself through chemical reactions that lead to growth, development, responsiveness, adaptation, and reproduction.

Chapter 2: Biological Classification

Since the dawn of civilization, there have been many attempts to classify living organisms. Aristotle was the first to attempt a more scientific basis for classification. He used simple morphological characters to classify plants as trees, shrubs and grasses. He also divided the animals into two groups, those who had red blood and those who did not.

The art of identifying differences between organisms and classifying them into groups that reflect their most important properties and relationships is called biological classification. The aim of biological classification is to organize a large number of known plants and animals into categories which can be named, memorized and studied.

Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom

Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom

Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology - (Morphe = form + logos = study). The studies the forms and functions of various plant organs, such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, etc.

Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

The Study of internal structure of the body of an organism is known as Anatomy.

Ø Higher plants have a highly complex body made up of different types of cells. All cells have the same origin but afterward they get differentiated into different types of cells.

Ø A group of similar or dissimilar cells having a common origin, performing a speciliased function is known as tissue where all cells remain is physical contact.

Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals

Chapter 8: Cell: The Unit of Life

Chapter 9: Biomolecules

Biomolecules is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biomolecules governs all living organisms and living processes. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life.

Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Growth and reproduction are properties of cells and indeed of all living organisms. All cells are multiplied by division into two, and each parent cell produces two daughter cells each time they divide. These newly formed daughter cells can grow and divide on their own, creating a new cell population formed by the growth and division of a single parent cell and its progeny. In other words, such growth and division cycles allow a single cell to form a structure of millions of cells.

Chapter 11: Transport in Plants

In a flowering plant the substances that need to be transported are water, mineral nutrients, organic nutrients, and plant growth, regulators.

Plants need to move molecules over very long distances, much more than animals and they also do not have a circulatory system.

Water taken up by roots has to reach all parts of the plant, up to the tip of stem and food synthesized by leaves also move to plants including root tips.

Movement across short distances, say within the plant cell, across the membranes and from cell to cell within the tissues also takes place.

Chapter 12: Mineral Nutrition

Mineral nutrition- It included absorption, distribution and metabolism of various inorganic substances or minerals by plants

Chapter 13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis is the physio-chemical process by which solar energy is trapped by autotrophic organisms to drive the synthesis of organic compounds.

Chapter 14: Respiration in Plants

The word respiration is derived from the Latin word ‘respirare’ (literally) means to breathe. It was in the late eighteenth century that the chemistry of respiration was understood. The Dutch plant physiologist Jan Ingenhousz first established that living plants exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the external atmosphere

Chapter 15: Plant Growth and Development

Growth in plants, as in any organism, consists of an irreversible increase in size, which is commonly accompanied by an increase in solid or dry weight and in the amount of protoplasm. Growth is an essential character of life. In common practice, the term 'growth' may be applied to several things and situations.

Chapter 16: Digestion and Absorption

Chapter 17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Chapter 18: Body Fluids and Circulation

Chapter 19: Excretory Products and their Elimination

Chapter 20: Locomotion and Movement

Kinesiology is the scientific study of body movements. Most animals move about from one place to another by swimming, flying or walking. To move, all animals use the same basic mechanism: muscle contraction. Movement especially on land, is complicated by gravity which tends to hold objects in one place. Therefore, it becomes essential that a force is applied to overcome gravity. For a muscle to produce movement, it must direct its force against another object.

Chapter 21: Neural Control and Coordination

As we know, the functions of the organs/organ systems in our body must be coordinated to maintain homeostasis. Coordination is the process through which two or more organs interact and complement the functions of one another.

Chapter 22: Chemical Coordination and Integration

What is TAXONOMY?

1. The word taxonomy was first used by A.P.de Candolle in 1813. It means a lawful arrangement of things. It is often considered as synonymous with systematic botany. It deals with the identification, nomenclature, and classification of plants.

2. The terms systematics, Taxonomy and classification are often used interchangeably.

3.  G. Simpson has distinguished the three. (i.e., systematics, classification and taxonomy)

4. The study of the diversity of organisms, their comparative and evolutionary relationships based on comparative anatomy, ecology, physiology, biochemistry and other fields is known as systematics.  The term systematics was coined by Linnaeus (father of taxonomy)

5. Classification – It is said to be a subtopic of taxonomy or systematics that deals with arranging organisms into groups or categories according to a systematic plan on the basis of their similarities, differences, and relationships.

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Home-Tution academic team prepared NCERT Solutions for class 11 biology. NCERT solutions for class 11 biology include all questions in the book (text of the National Council for Educational Research and Training) prescribed for class 11 in schools. The questions and answers in the NCERT manual help you to understand the concepts in depth. It is always recommended to study the NCERT books as they cover the entire program. These questions with detailed explanations are now available for free from Home-Tution to view and download.

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